Countable/Uncountable Nouns

Ako se odnosi na materijal, cjelinu, tvar ili pojam, nebrojiva je. Ako se odnosi na pojedinačni predmet, komad ili porciju, brojiva je.

Znače malo, ali dovoljno / nekoliko.

• A FEW uz brojive: I have read a few books.

• A LITTLE uz nebrojive: I need a little help from you.

Brojimo pieces, a ne samu nebrojivu imenicu.

• a piece of information → two pieces of information

• a piece of advice → three pieces of advice

• a piece of news → two pieces of news

• TOO MANY uz brojive: There are too many cars on the road.

• TOO MUCH uz nebrojive: There is too much noise here.

Uncountable nouns ne možemo brojati kao pojedinačne jedinice. To su tvari, tekućine, hrana u prahu i apstraktni pojmovi. Imaju samo jedninu; ne dodajemo -S/-ES.

• ✓ water / ✗ waters

• ✓ sugar / ✗ sugars

• Nebrojivo: piletina, meso kao hrana. We had chicken for lunch.

• Brojivo: pilić/kokoš, životinja. There are chickens on the farm.

Nebrojive imenice koriste jedninu, bez A/AN i bez množine, iako hrvatski prijevod često ima množinu.

• ✓ TOČNO: The luggage is ready for you. / ✗ NETOČNO: a luggage / luggages.

• ✓ TOČNO: There is a lot of traffic today. / ✗ NETOČNO: a traffic / traffics.

ANY koristimo u niječnim i upitnim rečenicama, s brojivim imenicama u množini i s nebrojivima.

• We don't have any potatoes.

• Is there any sugar?

• Nebrojivo: staklo, materijal. The vase is made of glass.

• Brojivo: staklena čaša. I broke a glass yesterday.

• Nebrojivo: kosa, sve vlasi na glavi. She has long brown hair.

• Brojivo: jedna dlaka/vlas. There is a hair in my soup.

Brojimo ambalažu, posude, komade ili mjere. Množinu tvorimo na riječi za ambalažu, komad ili mjeru, ne na nebrojivoj imenici.

• Nebrojivo: vrijeme, sati/minute/pojam. I don't have enough time.

• Brojivo: puta/navrata, ponavljanje. We visited London three times.

Ispred nebrojive imenice ne pišemo A/AN. Koristimo glagol u jednini, npr. IS/WAS.

• ✗ a sugar → ✓ sugar; ✗ a milk → ✓ milk; ✗ a homework → ✓ homework.

• There is sugar in your coffee.

• There was milk in the fridge.

Nebrojive imenice koriste jedninu, bez A/AN i bez množine, iako hrvatski prijevod često ima množinu.

• ✓ TOČNO: The information is very useful. / ✗ NETOČNO: an information / informations.

• ✓ TOČNO: There is money on the table. / ✗ NETOČNO: a money / moneys are.

• Nebrojivo: papir, materijal za pisanje. We need some paper to draw.

• Brojivo: dokument/novine/rad. I have to write a paper for school.

Nebrojive imenice koriste jedninu, bez A/AN i bez množine, iako hrvatski prijevod često ima množinu.

• ✓ TOČNO: The weather is great today. / ✗ NETOČNO: a weather / weathers.

Znače nedovoljno / skoro ništa.

• FEW uz brojive: He has few friends. → Nedovoljno.

• LITTLE uz nebrojive: There is little hope. → Skoro ništa.

SOME označava neodređenu količinu u potvrdnim rečenicama. Koristimo ga s brojivim imenicama u množini i s nebrojivim imenicama.

• There are some apples in the basket.

• There is some juice in the fridge.

A LOT OF / LOTS OF koristimo s brojivim i nebrojivim imenicama. Količinski izrazi opisuju koliko nečega ima bez točnog broja.

• There are a lot of dogs in the park.

• There is a lot of sugar in my tea.

Koristimo ih za hranu, materijal i apstraktne pojmove.

• a slice of bread → 2 slices of bread

• a piece of cake → 3 pieces of cake

• a piece of advice → 2 pieces of advice

• a bar of chocolate → 2 bars of chocolate

Za cijenu uvijek koristimo HOW MUCH…?

• a glass of water → 2 glasses of water

• a cup of tea → 3 cups of tea

• a bottle of milk → 2 bottles of milk

Nebrojive imenice koriste jedninu, bez A/AN i bez množine, iako hrvatski prijevod često ima množinu.

• ✓ TOČNO: The news is good! / ✗ NETOČNO: a news / news are.

• ✓ TOČNO: She gave me good advice. / ✗ NETOČNO: an advice / advices.

NO ima negativno značenje uz potvrdan glagol. Ne koristimo dvostruku negaciju.

• ✓ TOČNO: There is no water.

• ✓ TOČNO: There isn't any water.

• ✗ NETOČNO: There isn't no water.

• a carton of juice → 2 cartons of juice

• a packet of rice → 3 packets of rice

• a kilo of sugar → 2 kilos of sugar

Izbor ovisi o tome je li imenica brojiva ili nebrojiva.

• HOW MANY + brojiva imenica u množini. How many books do you have?

• HOW MUCH + nebrojiva imenica. How much money do you need?

• Nebrojivo: piće općenito, tekućina. I drink coffee every morning.

• Brojivo: porcija kave ili čaja, šalica. Can we have two coffees, please?

• Pravilna: dodajemo -S / -ES, npr. a table → two tables.

• Nepravilna: riječ mijenja oblik, npr. a child → two children, a person → three people, a mouse → four mice.

• Nebrojivo: čokolada općenito, tvar. I love chocolate.

• Brojivo: čokoladni bombon/pralina. Would you like a chocolate?

Nebrojive imenice koriste jedninu, bez A/AN i bez množine, iako hrvatski prijevod često ima množinu.

• ✓ TOČNO: I have a lot of homework. / ✗ NETOČNO: a homework / homeworks.

• ✓ TOČNO: This furniture is new. / ✗ NETOČNO: a furniture / furnitures.

Countable nouns označavaju stvari, osobe ili životinje koje možemo brojati jednu po jednu. Imaju jedninu i množinu. U jednini možemo koristiti A/AN, a u množini some, many, a few, a lot of.

• an apple → two apples

• a student → five students

• MANY → brojive imenice. I don’t have many friends.

• MUCH → nebrojive imenice. We don’t have much time.